Indian Almond, Olive Bark Tree, lawz bajali, hindi bedm

The Indian Almond Tree, or lawz bajali in Arabic, is widespread in the tropics. In Arriyadh, it is not always successful, owing to low humidity, but in a sheltered environment, where other plants are irrigated, growth and foliage are much better. An ornamental tree, it grows up to 20 metres in height, with a characteristic pagoda shape, symmetrical crown and horizontal branches. The bark is grey-brown and vertically fissured; the tree has spreading, near-surface, fibrous roots. The large leaves are up to 25 cm long and 15 cm broad, ovoid, glossy dark green and leathery. T. catappa is deciduous and loses its leaves twice each year; before falling, they turn dark red. The yellowish, inconspicuous flowers with an unpleasant smell are produced on spikes. T. catappa has a red, edible fruit, when fully ripe tasting like an almond. It prefers moist, well-drained, sandy and loamy soils, but is adapted to a wide range of substrates, including saline and alkaline sands over limestone. Tolerant of periods of drought, it sheds leaves to withstand dry spells. The tree is damaged by frost. Plants are susceptible to termite attack; leaves may be attacked by various insects and larvae. T. catappa is a good species for park and garden shade, and makes a good windbreak. It needs to be pruned regularly to control its size: the main leader may be cut at the top to create a wide-spreading specimen. For a tidy appearance, the leaf and fruit litter need to be removed regularly. In suitable environments, it flourishes with minimal maintenance.